CHEM 241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cyclopropane, Heptane, Methanol
20 Jan 2021
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Both the exact position of an electron an the velocity can not be known (heisenburg uncertainty principle) The motion of electrons in orbitals is best described by treating an electron"s motion as a wave. The orbital is mathematically represented as a wave function. The sign of the wave function can be either positive or negative. Electron orbitals are therefore probability lobes (cid:149) (cid:149) (cid:149) (cid:149) (cid:149) (cid:149) Used to represent the filling of electrons into the space outside the nucleus (s - spherical, p - dumbbell shape are the most important in organic chemistry) The orbitals are considered to be arranged around the nucleus in shells much like an onion"s sequential layers. Electron density is highest at the nucleus and decreases away from the nucleus because opposite charges attract. Orbitals increase in energy with increasing distance from the nucleus. (cid:149) (cid:149) (cid:149) (cid:149) For filling orbitals two rules need to be followed:
