ECON 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Sales Tax, Regressive Tax, Economic Surplus

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14 Apr 2016
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Government sets taxes when intervening in markets. Excise taxes taxes on each unit of a good sold to deter people from buying them. The efect of a tax on quaniies and prices. Taxes drive a wedge between the price buyers pay and the price sellers receive. Tax incidence measure of who really pays it. Supply shits upward by the amount of the tax: shit upward because the tax is an addiional cost for the irms. Demand shits downward by the amount of the tax. Buyer and seller share the burden of the tax. Which side of the market has a higher tax incidence is a funcion of the price elasiciies of supply and demand. Elasic supply and inelasic demand = tax burden is on consumers: ex: tax on gas or cigaretes = low elasicity of demand = burden on consumers. Elasic demand and inelasic supply = tax burden is on producers. Overall, it doesn"t mater who is taxed.

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