ANTHR-140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Paranthropus Aethiopicus, Paranthropus Robustus, Paranthropus Boisei
23 Sep 2020
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Gracile australopithecines generalized teeth and jaws. Robust australopithecines specialized jaws and teeth. First named by linnaeus (1758) based on modern humans homo sapiens. Additional species attributed to homo over time include: Features that distinguish homo from other hominins (synapomorphies) Lithic traditions include, oldest to recent, (1) oldowan/olduwan (2) archulean (3) mousterian. Oldowan tools (a) hammer stones (b) stone cores (c) stone flakes. Hammer stones: signs of percussion damage and were likely used to smash into other rocks. Stone cores: stones with flake scars around them forming a sharp edge on one side. Stone flakes: sharp flakes off of stone cores used for fine cutting. Appearance of oldowan tools: before h. habilis. 1. 8 mya in middle east, east asia. Paleolithic period named for appearance of stone tools (-lithic) Note: pleistocene epoch =/ paleolithic period (they coincide) Brain volume is usually quantified in cubic centimeters (cc) Modern human range is 975-1500cc (~1200 cc)
