ANTHR-140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Subsistence Economy, Pastoralism, Market Economy
22 Dec 2020
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Economy - a system for the production, distribution, and consumption of resources. Subsistence economy is one where people produce what they need to survive. Market economy is one where people trade goods/services for money and money/services for goods: often involves accumulation of wealth. Foraging (hunter-gathers: foraging societies persist in two types of areas, where food production is extremely difficult (dry, extremely hot or extremely cold climates, where food production is unnecessary (damp, temperate climates) Industrialization: pastoralism domesticating animals for food, traditionally involves following the herd around, pastoralism can convert inedible (to humans) plants into nutrients. In industrial societies, people trade their labour (in factories) for money. There is often a very fine-grained division of labour. Workers are alienated from the products of their labour. The economic domain is separated from ordinary life. Market exchange money is exchanged for goods/services. Often involves bargaining to maximize: redistribution resources are pooled (generally with the person in power) and then given back out.
