BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Punnett Square, Model Organism, Chromosome
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20 Jun 2020
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May contain different alleles of the same gene. Homozygous individuals have two of the same allele. In the image, each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids. A hereditary factor that influences a particular trait. The fixed location of a gene on a chromosome. Parental traits blend together, creating offspring with. Parental traits are modified through use and passed to offspring. He established the foundation for modern genetics by studying inheritance in garden pea plants (pisum sativum) in his monastery. Published experiments in plant hybridization in 1865, which was. Pea plants were the first model organism rediscovered in 1902. A model organism is a species used in research because it is practical and because conclusions drawn from it may apply to other species. Instead of blending together, traits act as discrete hereditary units ( factors ) Mendel proposed a competing hypothesis of particulate inheritance. Each individual has two factors , one from each parent.
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |