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BIOSC-116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output, Vascular Resistance

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School
Diablo Valley College
Department
Biological Science
Course
BIOSC-116
Professor
Khan

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Document Summary

Definition these are pressure receptors which detect the bp and send information to the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata. The medulla will respond to the information it receives from these receptors by sending instructions via the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) or the sympathetic nerves to the heart to keep the bp within normal range. Locations the baroreceptors are found in the carotid arteries and the aortic arch. Baroreceptor responses remember, bp = hr x sv x tpr. These responses occur due to sympathetic stimulation to the heart and blood vessels. Response to an increased bp when bp is high, the response will be to bring it back down to normal. This happens due to parasympathetic stimulation to the heart and involves a decrease in heart rate and vasodilation (which will decrease total peripheral resistance) Cardiac output to increase due to increased heart rate and increased stroke volume. Peripheral vasoconstriction will occur, which will increase total peripheral resistance.

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Related Questions

c) How going from laying to standing affects arterial blood pressure in the head region?

When we are laying down the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is at the same level of the heart which is about 100 mm Hg. When we try to stand up from the lying position, our head is placed above our heart and gravity starts to pull the blood back downwards to our heart and feet. Return of venous blood is reduced and this leads to a decrease in cardiac stroke volume and decline in mean arterial pressure which is reduced to 60-70 mm Hg. This decreases the flow of blood to head. In response to this reduction in arterial blood pressure in the brain, parasympathetic nervous system is withdrawn and sympathetic nervous system is activated to pump more blood to head region via increased heart rates.

d) How the baroreceptors reflex explains the higher HRs during standing

When a person stands up, baroreceptor reflexes are rapidly activated to restore arterial pressure so that mean arterial pressure normally is not reduced by more than a few mmHg when a person is standing compared to lying down. However, in order to maintain this normal mean arterial pressure, the person who is standing upright has increased systemic vascular resistance (sympathetic mediated), decreased venous compliance (due to sympathetic activation of veins), decreased stroke volume (due to decreased preload), and increased heart rate (baroreceptor-mediated tachycardia).