BIOSC-139 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Apoptosis, Cell Division, Hyperplasia
26 Aug 2020
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Document Summary
Cytosolic protein degradation: autophagy, cytoplasmic bits and nonfunctional organelles put into autophagosomes; degraded by lysosomes, ubiquitins, tag damaged or unneeded soluble proteins in cytosol, digested by soluble enzymes or proteasomes. Extracellular materials: body fluids interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid, cellular secretions intestinal and gastric fluids, saliva, mucus, and serous fluids, extracellular matrix most abundant extracellular material. Jellylike mesh of proteins and polysaccharides secreted by cells; acts as "glue" to hold cells together. Theories of cell aging: wear and tear theory little chemical insults and free radicals have cumulative effects, mitochondrial theory of aging free radicals in mitochondria diminish energy production. Tissue: the living fabric: each type performs specific functions that maintain homeostasis, tissues, groups of cells similar in structure that perform common or related function, histology, study of tissues. Types of primary tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, supports, muscle tissue, produces movement, nerve tissue, controls.
