PHIL 1110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, Circular Reasoning
Document Summary
1st example used: dropping egg (a) egg breaking (b) If the boat has a leak, it will sink. If a would have happened, then b would have happened. Therefore, the boat does not have a leak. Discoveries based on the method of radical doubt. The cogito (i am thinking; therefore i exist) self-refuting to doubt this, thus is absolutely certain. a. It is my essence to be a thing which thinks for all i know, i may not have a body, you can survive the death of your body. Dualism - it is possible for a mind to survive the death of the body. The experience of clarity and distinctness which justifies the cogito can be used to justify other beliefs. The cartesian circle es" skeptical argument - valid cannot tell, based on any qualities of my perceptions, which are veridical and which are falsidical -- skeptical consideration in the middle of radical doubt.
