PHIL 1180 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Some Cities, Egg Salad, Internal Combustion Engine
Document Summary
4 categorical forms: a, e, i, o quantifier subject term copula predicate term. All fish swim; all mothers love their children. No good deed goes unpunished; no vegan eats egg salad sandwiches. Some reptiles swim; some trees live for years. Some rich people are not selfish are not: copula. Some dogs wont hurt; some smokers do not die of cancer. Positive instances do no prove all statements true. O: some (subject term) are not (predicate term) Conversion: argument form; premise is of categorical forms; conclusion is same form with subject and predicate switched. Contraposition: argument form; conclusion is same form with subject and predicate switched and replaced by their complement terms. No responsible parents are unaware of their children"s needs. No parents aware of their children"s needs are irresponsible. Obversion: changing form from affirmative to negative or the reverse; leave subject term alone; replace predicate with term of complement.
