ENVI 498 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Randomized Response, Survey Data Collection, Response Bias
Procedure for Developing a Questionnaire
1. Specify information that will be sought
2. Determine method of administration
3. Determine content of individual questions
4. Determine form of response to each question
5. Determine wording of each question
6. Prepare dummy tables
7. Determine question sequences
8. Determine appearance of questionnaire
9. Develop recruiting messages
10. Reexamine steps 1-9 (pretest & revise)
Step 1: Specify Info
- First step should be easy, assuming researchers have done a good job in earlier stages in the research
process
- Hypotheses & Dummy Tables
- Make it clear what information is needed
Step 2: Determine Method of Administration
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The degree of structure and disguise influences this decision, as does the specific research situation
- Personal interview
- Telephone interview
- Mail survey
- Online survey
Key Issues in Determining Content of Individual Questions
(Step 3: Determine Content of Individual Questions)
- Is the question necessary?
- Are several questions needed instead of one?
- Do respondents have the necessary information?
- Will respondents give the information?
Filter Question
(Step 3: Determine Content of Individual Questions)
- A question used to determine if a respondent is likely to possess the knowledge being sought
- Also used to determine if an individual qualifies as a member of the defined population
- Usually at the beginning of an interview or questionnaire
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Examples of Filter Question's
(Step 3: Determine Content of Individual Questions)
- "Do you do the grocery shopping for your family?"
- "Have you eaten at Mickey's restaurant, located at Sixth Street and Manvel Avenue, within the past six
months?"
- "Did you vote in the last presidential election?"
Telescoping Error
(Step 3: Determine Content of Individual Questions)
A type of error resulting from the fact that most people remember an event as having occurred more
recently than it did
Recall Loss
(Step 3: Determine Content of Individual Questions)
A type of error caused by a respondent's forgetting that an event happened at all
Handling Sensitive Questions
(Step 3: Determine Content of Individual Questions)
- Don't ask unless absolutely necessary!
- Guarantee anonymity
- Place sensitive questions near end
- Include a counter biasing statement
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