MCB 3020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Nitrogen Fixation, Louis Pasteur, Sergei Winogradsky
Document Summary
Chapter 1: the evolution of microorganisms and microbiology. Li(cid:373)itatio(cid:374)s of koch(cid:859)s postulates: some organisms cannot be grown in pure culture, using humans in completing the postulates is unethical, molecular and genetic evidence may replace and overcome these limits. The development of techniques for studying microbial pathogens: koch(cid:859)s (cid:449)ork led to disco(cid:448)ery or de(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t of: Developed porcelain bacterial filters used by ivanoski and beijerinck to study tobacco mosaic disease. Determined that extracts from diseased plants had infectious agents present which were smaller than bacteria and passed through the filters infectious agents were eventually shown to be viruses: pasteur and roux. Discovered that incubation of cultures for long intervals between transfers caused pathogens to lose their ability to cause disease (termed (cid:858)atte(cid:374)uatio(cid:374)(cid:859): pasteur and his coworkers. Developed vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies. Immunological studies: once established, led to study of host defenses - immunology, edward jenner (ca. Used a vaccination procedure to protect individuals from smallpox.
