PCB 3063 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Multicellular Organism, Programmed Cell Death, Omnipotence
26 Apr 2016
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Chapter 22: developmental genetics (only tested on slides) Developmental process is determined by the interactions b/w genes and environment. Life starts with a zygote (egg + sperm) 1st cell division of zygote is not equal; fate of cells is not the same. Every cell in an organism contains a complete set of genomes (genetic program for development) Potentially, every cell is able to grow into a new identical individual (cloning) without fertilization. Cell determination: totipotency: ability to develop into any cell type, cells in very early embryo, value of embryonic stem cells: Meristematic cells (apical or lateral) in leaf/stem/root. Animal cells quickly become committed to development into a specific cell type. Determination often occurs after the first few cell divisions of the embryo. Mammals: early embryonic cells (8-cells) totipotent, blastocyst embryonic cells (7 days old) pluripotent, fetal stem cells (8-week embryo/fetus) pluripotent, umbilical cord blood stem cells multipotent, adult stem cells (differentiated- nerve, blood, muscle, etc.
