PCB 4233C Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Alpha Helix, Dehydration Reaction, Amine

8 views4 pages

lavenderpig501

1 Jan 2020

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Cells: basic unit of life, discrete units best described as small bags of water contained by a membrane made of lipids, four major components, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids. Ribonucleic acid (rna: sugar is the five-carbon carbohydrate ribose, bases include adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine, single-stranded, does not partake in base-pairing like dna. Different viruses can use either dna or rna as their genetic blueprint. Protein synthesis (translation: dna uncoils and separates, exposing a gene, cells synthesize a molecule of rna with bases complementary to the bases along that region of the strand of the dna in a process called transcription. A base code in the dna molecule is transferred to a base code in the rna molecule, forming an rna fragment known as messenger rna (mrna) The mrna will carry the genetic message of dna into the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs. Each three-base sequence on an mrna molecule is called a codon and will specify an amino acid.

Related Questions

Match each term with its definition. Each term or definition is used only once

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	right-spiraling common DNA form
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	referencing the opposite orientation of hydrogen-bonded DNA strands
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	viral particle whose natural host is a prokaryote
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	universal holding that the number of purines always equals the number of pyrimidines
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nucleic acid base sequences able to form a double-stranded structure by virtue of matching base pairs
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	5ââ 3â or 3ââ 5â
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nuclease able to cleave phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	the structure formed by two DNA strands twisted around a common axis in a spiral
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	bacterial cycle of phage- infected cells resulting in cell destruction and viral release
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	main access site for proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a cytosine modification favoring Z DNA formation
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nucleic acid monomer consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	connects two nucleic acid sugar molecules via an ester bond
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	hydrolyzes peptide bonds linking amino acids
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	U or C in RNA
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a pentose sugar
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	an enzyme that breaks down RNA
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	either of the two nucleotide chains of a double helix
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a pyrimidine able to hydrogen bond with adenine
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a DNA configuration favored by high ionic strength and GC repeats

A.	protease
B.	lysis
C.	double helix
D.	bacteriophage
E.	complementary
F.	Chargaffâs rule
G.	B DNA
H.	major groove
I.	nucelotide
J.	antiparallel
K.	RNAse
L.	directionality
M.	phosphodiester linkage
N.	ribose
O.	Z DNA
P.	pyrimidine
Q.	methylation
R.	DNAse
S.	uracil
T.	strand

magentaraven576

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

Flag this Question

Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

Flag this Question

Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

Flag this Question

Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

Flag this Question

Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

Flag this Question

Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

Flag this Question

Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

Flag this Question

Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

Flag this Question

Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

Flag this Question

Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

Flag this Question

Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

Flag this Question

Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

Flag this Question

Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

Flag this Question

Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

Flag this Question

Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

Flag this Question

Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

Flag this Question

Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

Flag this Question

Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

Flag this Question

Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

Flag this Question