MCB 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Peptidoglycan, Cell Membrane, Cell Envelope
Document Summary
All cells have: cell or plasma membrane (separates the cell from the outer environment, genetic material (dna, cytoplasm. It is important to know the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; allows us to control disease-causing bacteria without harming our own cells. Salmonella, shigella, pseudomonas, proteus, neisseria gonorrhoeae); composed of a bilayer membrane; the inner layer is composed of phospholipids; the outer layer is composed of lipopolysaccharides (lps"s), a compound that"s not found in any other living organism! More about lps"s these compounds are endotoxins and are only released when the bacteria die and their cell walls are broken down. Endotoxins cause fever and dilate blood vessels (drop in blood pressure results). In gram negative bacteria, the cell wall lies just inside the periplasm; in gram positive bacteria, it lies just inside the glycocalyx, if one exists. a. Structure & composition of cell wall in eubacteria. Peptidoglycan is composed of long chains of polysaccharides (glycan) cross-linked by short proteins (peptides).
