ECON 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Foreign Portfolio Investment, Diminishing Returns, Opportunity Cost

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8 Jul 2020
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Because capital is a product of the factor of production, a society can change the amount of capital it has. Example: opportunity cost of dieting so fewer goods and services can be produced for current consumption. Def: law of diminishing returns the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases. As capital stock rises, the extra output produced from an additional unit of capital will fall. It shows how the amount of capital per worker determines the output per worker, holding constant all other determinants of output. In the long run, a higher savings rate leads to a higher level of productivity and income, but not to higher growth rates in these variables. An important implication of diminishing return is the catch-up effect. Def: catch-up effect the property whereby countries that start out poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.

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