PSYC 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Alarm Clock, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
Document Summary
Classical conditioning: two events are associated; instrumental conditioning: behavior and effect are associated. Thorndike"s law of effect (1911)- a response to a situation that causes satisfaction is more likely to occur, and if the response causes discomfort, the response is less likely to occur again (trial- and-error learning) Skinner"s theory- actions followed by good outcomes are likely to recur , and actions followed by bad outcomes are less likely to recur (describe behavior) Positive reinforcement: when a response is followed by a reward or other positive event. Negative reinforcement: when a response is followed by the removal of an unpleasant event (putting on a seatbelt to remove the car"s beeping; clocky- the alarm clock that runs away) Punishment: any event that follows a response and decreases the likelihood of it recurring; typically doesn"t work very well. Shaping- using positive reinforcement step by step; every time a desired behavior occurs, reinforce it- including the behaviors that lead to the positive behavior.
