General Education Science of Living Systems 16 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Human Sex Ratio, Allopatric Speciation, Common Descent
7 Apr 2016
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Apes and old world monkeys have a common ancestor. Etc, etc, etc, back to animals and plants . Darwin originally developed this theory and backed it up by observations of finches. Homology: similarity (genetic or phenotypic) that results from descent from a common ancestor. (ex: similar structures found in humans and bats). Homoplasy: similarity for reasons other than common ancestry. (ex: similar structures found in bats and butterflies). Evolution proceeds slowly in gradual, transitional steps without jumps (saltations). Species: a group of interbreeding organisms made up of genetically compatible individuals that are reproductively isolated. Transformational: each member of population undergoes same succession of changes (e. g. when you return for you. Variational: each member of population stays the same but relative proportions of variants change (e. g. human sex ratio). Multiplication explains why there are 5-10 million animal species on earth. Allopatric speciation: geographic isolation; most common form of speciation. Many variations are heritable (have a genetic basis.
