GOV 1290 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Clientelism, List Of German Presidents, German National People'S Party
26 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Democratic*Breakdown*in*Germany*and*Chile
1918:*industrialized,*strong*working*class
○
Economy*in*bad*shape
§
Polarized*economics
§
Lacked*strong*conservative*party*to*protect*interests*of*rich
§
Weimar*Constitution*caused*instability?
§
German*presidents*not*figureheads*-- had*extraordinary*
presidential*powers*which*could*have*contributed*to*democratic*
downfall
§
Also*faced*important*challenges
○
Severe*crisis*-- economy*collapses*in*1923
§
Nancy*B:*"distancing"
□
Communists*launched*violent*insurrections*during*the*1923*were*
heavily*repressed*by*social*democrats
§
Social*democrats*break*in*a*hard*way*from*the*commies
§
Nazi's*still*only*a*marginal*force*-- only*won*2.6%*of*vote*in*
election
□
1929*Germany*democracy*still*doing*okay
§
Ziblatt:*the*German*right*was*in*decline
§
DNVP*moves*to*the*right*and*begins*to*flirt*with*Nazis
□
This*normalizes*the*Nazis
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1929*Election:*leading*party*fell*from*27%*to*14%*of*vote
§
Friedrich*Ebert*-- President*in*1918
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Voters*abandon*mainstream*parties*for*extremists*on*both*sides
§
Commies*on*left,*they*win*77*seats*
§
Nazis*on*right,*they*won*hunnid*something*seats
§
Parliament*grows*increasingly*deadlocked
§
Outside,*politics*grow*increasingly*violent
§
Nazi*membership*soars*-- 1*million*members*in*1932
§
They*win*the*1932*election□
Social*Democrats*finish*second□
Commies*finish*third□
1932*Nazis*were*at*peak*popularity
§
Parliament*still*deadlocked,*but*Nazis*have*most*power
§
Conservatives*believed*they*could*control*Hitler□
WRONG□
January*1933*-- Hitler*named*Chancellor
§
Political*parties*dissolved□
Unions*banned□
March*23*1933*-- Parliament*passes*Enabling*Act*which*empowered*
Hitler*to*rule*by*decree
§
End*of*1933*-- over*100,000*lefts*arrested
§
Great*Depression□
Extreme*Polarization□
Ziblatt:*weakness*and*complicity*of*German*right*(by*handing*
power*to*Nazis)
□
Take*aways
§
German*economy*collapses*
○
German*Democracy
•
Prior*to*collapse*-- had*oldest*democracy*in*Latin*America
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Unlike*most*of*LA,*Chileans*established*strong*constitutional*oligarchy*in*
1830's*and*40's
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Late*19th*century*-- one*of*most*power*legislatures*in*LA
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Radicals*
§
Liberals
§
Conservatives
§
Three*established*parties*(very*elite*parties)
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Politics*restricted*to*tiny*elite
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Powerful*landowning*class*that*maintained*peasantry
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Throughout*19th*century*-- politics*restricted*to*landowners
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Had*to*be*male,*literate,*property*owners*to*vote
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1924*-- only*5%*of*Chileans*voted*in*elections
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Classic*constitutional*monarchy*into*the*1920's
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1920's*and*30's*unusual*not*stable*period
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75%*of*chileans*can*read*and*write*
§
Late*1932*-- Chile*returned*to*civilian*rule*and*established*new*
constitution
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Became*much*more*democratic*in*30's
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Communist*party*formed
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Socialist*party*formed
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Both*commies*and*socialists*loyal*to*the*new*regime
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Late*1940's*Chile*most*stable*democracy*in*Latin*America
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Left*was*pretty*moderate
§
Chile*developed*strong*democratic*institutions*
§
Parties*of*left*and*right,*accepted*one*another*as*legitimate*
§
Rural*districts*over*represented*in*congress*(right*strongest*in*
rural*distrcits)
□
Literacy*requirements*helped*the*right□
They*used*their*power*to*control*peasants*votes*
(Clientelism)
®
This*helped*to*sustain*the*right*in*Chile*for*much*of*the*
20th*century
®
Landowners*continued*to*exert* power*over*peasants*that*
worked*on*their*land
□
Electoral*strength*of*right*-- liberal* and*conservative*parties*--
continued*to*dominate*congress
§
1952:*Salvador*Allende*sheds*parties*platform*and*embraces*
Marxism
□
Popular*Unity:*coalition*of*commies*and*socialists□
Allende*promised*nothing*less*than*a*socialist*revolution□
Politics*grew*polarized*in*1950's*and*60's
§
1950's*Cold*War*in*Latin*America*has*effects
§
Cuban*revolution*happens*and*Allende*befriends*Castro*-- this*puts*
him*on*the*US's*shitlist
§
84%*of*Chileans*can*read*and*write*in*1960's
§
Chilean*urbanizes*and*modernizes
§
Vote*buying*made*more*difficult
§
Right*gets*scared*of*Allende,*so*right*win*parties*throw*
support*to*Christian*centrist*party
□
□
1964*Presidential*Election:
§
Why*did*Chilean*democracy*survive?
○
Chile•
2/22/18
Thursday,* February* 22,*2018
11:12*AM
Document Summary
Lacked strong conservative party to protect interests of rich. German presidents not figureheads -- had extraordinary presidential powers which could have contributed to democratic downfall. Communists launched violent insurrections during the 1923 were heavily repressed by social democrats. Social democrats break in a hard way from the commies. Nazi"s still only a marginal force -- only won 2. 6% of vote in election. 1929 election: leading party fell from 27% to 14% of vote. Dnvp moves to the right and begins to flirt with nazis. Voters abandon mainstream parties for extremists on both sides. Nazis on right, they won hunnid something seats. Nazi membership soars -- 1 million members in 1932. Parliament still deadlocked, but nazis have most power. March 23 1933 -- parliament passes enabling act which empowered. End of 1933 -- over 100,000 lefts arrested. Ziblatt: weakness and complicity of german right (by handing power to nazis) Prior to collapse -- had oldest democracy in latin america.
