BIO 011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Omics, Notochord, Gastrulation
End of Bio 11 -omics
Jadzia Wray
Genome sequencing: determine the nucleotide base sequence of an entire genome.
- Determine evolutionary relationships
- Identify mutations that affect phenotypes
- Identify genes for particular traits, such as genes associated with diseases
Sanger (dideoxy) sequencing
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Automated DNA Sequencing
reaction products are
separated by size and
identified by color
each dNTP is
attached to
a fluorescent
molecule
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Comparative Genomics
- There are major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes:
o Eukaryotic genomes are larger and have more protein-coding genes.
o Eukaryotic genomes have more regulatory sequences. Greater complexity requires more
regulation.
- Much of eukaryotic DNA is noncoding, including introns, gene control sequences, and repeated
sequences.
- Eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes; each must have an origin of replication, a centromere,
and a telomeric sequence at each end.
Proteomics
- Proteome: sum total of proteins produced by an
organism; it is more complex than the genome.
- Proteomics seeks to identify and characterize all
the expressed proteins in an organism.
Metabolomics
- Metabolome: quantitative description of all of the small molecules in a cell or organism.
- Primary metabolites: involved in normal processes such as pathways like glycolysis (ex.
hormones and signaling molecules).
- Secondary metabolites: often unique to particular organisms or groups (ex. antibiotics).
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Document Summary
Genome sequencing: determine the nucleotide base sequence of an entire genome. Identify genes for particular traits, such as genes associated with diseases. Automated dna sequencing each dntp is attached to a fluorescent molecule reaction products are separated by size and identified by color. There are major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes: eukaryotic genomes are larger and have more protein-coding genes, eukaryotic genomes have more regulatory sequences. Much of eukaryotic dna is noncoding, including introns, gene control sequences, and repeated sequences. Eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes; each must have an origin of replication, a centromere, and a telomeric sequence at each end. Proteome: sum total of proteins produced by an organism; it is more complex than the genome. Proteomics seeks to identify and characterize all the expressed proteins in an organism. Metabolome: quantitative description of all of the small molecules in a cell or organism. Primary metabolites: involved in normal processes such as pathways like glycolysis (ex. hormones and signaling molecules).