AN S 345 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Collagen, Histidine, Gluconeogenesis
3 May 2017
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Fiber number, genetics and sex: wild versus domesticated pigs, fewer number, domesticated ------- wild, fewer number, sex, males have a greater number than females, species dependent (cattle and chickens, fetal exposure to androgens in utero. Protein degradation and synthesis: nutritional status and hormones affects protein turnover, mediated through hormones. Increased synthesis and decreased degradation = positive nitrogen balance. Insulin (increased nitrogen balance: glucagon (decreased nitrogen balance, epinephrine (decreased nitrogen balance, glucocorticoids (decreased nitrogen balance, growth hormone (increased nitrogen balance, protein synthesis and degradation are under independent controls. Increased average daily gain = decreased protein turnover. It occurs in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Interacts with calpain in a calcium-dependent manner: substrates of calpain. Intermediate filament proteins or contractile proteins: transcription factors, some sarcoplasmic proteins actin and myosin are not great substrates, but there is evidence that calpain can degrade both. Substrates of proteasome: most myofibrillar proteins, many sarcoplasmic proteins, ubiquitination is required, usually degraded to single amino acids, not myofibrils.
