BIO 12 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Histopathology, Renal Replacement Therapy, Hyperglycemia
Document Summary
Diabetes (especially type 2) is becoming a major issue. In 1995, only 3 states had a prevalence over 6%; today 6% is the lowest. Prevalence in higher in hispanics and african americans but hovers around 10% across the board. Diabetes is the #1 cause of end-stage renal disease, blindness, and lower extremity amputations. It also raises the risk of cv events by 2-4 fold. About of patients with diabetes will develop nephropathy. Might try and just weave this into 3. Natural history and clinical stages of diabetic nephropathy. May also show an increase in overall kidney size. Development of microalbuminuria (30-300mg of albumin daily) In order to find this, we need to check a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Needs to be followed closely because gfr and creatinine will often still be normal. Tends to be associated with other microvascular complications. If you know someone has retinopathy, you might be able to say they have nephropathy without getting a biopsy.
