BIO 12D Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Amylin, Beta Cell, Gluconeogenesis
3 Dec 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Lies parallel to and beneath the stomach. Contains endocrine tissues and exocrine tissue which secretes chemicals through a duct into the digestive tract. The exocrine portion consists of pancreatic acinar cells and ducts. Insulin is a protein hormone secreted by the beta cells which causes cells throughout the body to rapidly take up, store and use glucose decreasing blood glucose levels. A small increase in glucose causes the beta cells to release large amounts of insulin, which circulates the blood and stimulates glucose uptake and storage in glycogen. Once the cells take up the glucose, blood levels decrease which then causes insulin release from the pancreas to decrease. Glucagon is another protein hormone which works opposite to insulin by increasing blood glucose concentrations. Glucagon is secreted when blood glucose levels decrease and when amino acid levels in the blood rise. It stimulates the liver where it causes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
