SPH-R 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Developmental Disability, Normal Function, Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Inclusion
Development and Intellectual Disabilities
• Developmental
o Developmental disabilities are a set of diverse persistent conditions
due to impairment in areas of language, learning, behavior, and
physical ability. This set of conditions occur during the developmental
years and impact daily function that require a lifetime of supports and
services (Rubin & Crocker, 1989; Braun et al., 2015)
o In the U. S., more than six million people have a developmental
disability
o Approximately 1 in every 6, age 3 to 17
o Chronic disability affects mental and or physical ability
o Normal function is delayed
o Normally happens before age 3, some until 22 (the developmental
years)
o For the entire lifetime
o Supports & services for ADL’s are needed
o Function is the key defining factor of DDs
▪ Limitation of function in at least 3 of these main ADLs
▪ Language
▪ Learning
▪ Mobility
▪ Self-direction
▪ Self-care
▪ Living independently
• Intellectual Disabilities
o More than 600,000 children age 3 - 21 have some degree of ID
o People with IDs have varying levels of ability
o Used to be called mental retardation
o Low social & economic status linked to increase of IDs
o The cause of 40 - 50 % of people with ID is not known (Austin, 2013)
o Recreation & leisure vital for health & quality of life
o Common causes are: Down, fetal alcohol, and fragile X syndromes
▪ Focus: 4 risks combined w/timing of exposure: prior, during,
after birth
• Behavior
• Effect of environment on the body
• Social
• Learning
o A serious limitation of cognitive function & adaptive behavior
o Three principal criteria
▪ An IQ test score of 75 or lower
▪ Limitations are noticed prior to age 18
▪ Limitation in at least 2 of 3 areas of adaptive behavior
