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BIOL 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Pantothenic Acid

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bronzefly406
15 Mar 2018
School
University of Kansas
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 150
Professor
buechner

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Document Summary

Biol 150 principles of molecular & cellular biology. We discussed the ability of our cells to survive in the absence of oxygen as a way to think about the rapid turnover of atp in the cell. Atp (and gtp, utp, ctp) is used to provide energy for individual reactions, but is used up quickly, and must be replenished through the oxidation of electron donors via the electron transport chain in the inner membrane of mitochondria. A variety of foods can provide the electrons to replenish the primary electron donor in our cells, nadh (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Under respiratory conditions in our bodies, food is oxidized and electrons used to reduce nad+ to nadh. Nadh then passes electrons into the electron transport chain, which used the energy of that passage to make atp while the electrons themselves go to the ultimate electron acceptor oxygen. Without oxygen, electron transport stops, so nadh piles up, so food cannot be oxidized.

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Related Questions

1.

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

2.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

3.

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

4.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

5.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H+ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H+ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

6.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

7.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

8.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

9.

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

19. Which of the following is a component of Succinate dehydrogenase in Electron transport chain?

A. Niacin

B. FMN

C. FAD

D. Coenzyme Q

E. Lipoic acid

20. In electron transport the flow of electrons:

A. is bidirectional

B. goes from a high energy state to a low energy state

C. takes place in the outer mitochondrial membrane

D. are used to pump H+ into the mitochondrial matrix

21. Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is NOT correct

A. It is located in the inner mitochondrion membrane

B. Cytochrome c accepts electrons from complex II

C. Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) accepts electrons from Cytochrome c

D. Complex I is called NADH dehydrogenase

E. Coenzyme Q accepts electrons from complex I and complex II

22. In the electron transport chain, the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase:

A. Uses H2O as a substrate

B. Produces HOOH as a product

C. Cannot function if oxygen is absent

D. Accepts electrons from hydrogen ions

E. Uses ADP and Pi as substrates

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and it’s movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD+ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for “reduction/oxidation” reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO2 is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP’s that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP’s that can be synthesized from a single FADH2 molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.