GEOL 1003 Lecture : Chpts 2 7 10 Book Notes
Document Summary
Chapter 2: rock-forming minerals and rocks: the structure of minerals, what constitutes something as a mineral, naturally occurring, definite (but not fixed) chemical composition, made from inorganic processes, homogenous solids, highly ordered atomic arrangement. Innermost electron shell holds a max of 2 electrons: second and third shells hold a max of 8 electrons, isotopes: Isotopes- different number of neutrons and protons which lead to a different atomic weight. Ionic bond- one atom loses an electron to another atom: atom becomes charged = becomes an ion, covalent bond- electrons are shared rather than exchanged (ex. Diamonds contain covalent bonds: crystals have 3-d molecular structures: Calcite and aragonite) structure: silicates, sio44- tetrahedral, dominate mineral group in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, most crystallize at high temperatures, carbonates, co32- (attached to positive ions, soft, light colored, mostly sedimentary, but includes marble (a metamorphic rock)
