BMCB 658 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Acetyl-Coa, Citric Acid Cycle, Hypothalamus
19 Aug 2016
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One molecule of glucose becomes two pyruvate molecules. Series of ten steps: each step is catalyzed by a different enzyme. Steps 1-5: preparatory phase (energy used up in preparation to generate energy) Phosphorylation of glucose to give glucose-6-phosphate: phosphorylation of glucose is endergonic. Glucose is neutral and diffuses very slowly across the membrane (or is transported in by glucose transporters) Negative charge on g6p keeps it inside the cell. Keeps [glucose] low in cell, favoring facilitated diffusion into the cell: hydrolysis of atp is exergonic, when coupled, overall reaction sum is exergonic. Enzyme: hexokinase: kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate group from atp to substrate. Isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to give fructose-6-phosphate: c-1 on open chain of g6p is reduced to hydroxyl group, c-2 oh group is oxidized to a ketone, aldose (g6p) to a ketose (f6p, no net oxidation or reduction.
