ESCI 402 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Silicate Minerals, Aluminosilicate, Calcium Sulfate
Document Summary
Earth"s crust: vast majority of the crust is made of 2 elements (si + o) silicate minerals: most abundant minerals in earth"s crust. Sio4^-4= silica tetrahedron *look up picture silicate mineral crystal structures isolate silicate single chain double chain sheet silicate framework silicate. Mineral properties color streak luster cleavage hardness density crystal form. Main constituent of limestone and marble important biogenic materials halite (salt): nacl cleaves to form cubes gypsum: soft, hydrous calcium sulfate used in sculptures galena: pbs (lead sulfide) dense, metallic, cleaves into cubes. Igneous rocks extrusive/volcanic: cools outside of molten area intrusive/plutonic: cools on surface. Texture of igneous rocks o igneous rocks that form beneath the surface (intrusive/plutonic) cool slowly: coarse grain (large crystals: extrusive/volcanic igneous rocks cool extremely fast: fine grain (small crystals) Bowen"s reaction series: each mineral has it"s own freezing point in which it crystallizes. Minerals that crystallize at highest temperatures contain less silica and more fe and mg (olivine)
