LING 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Minimal Pair, Fortition, Lenition
11 Oct 2017
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Phonemic form --> rules --> phonetic form: conditioning environment: the environment in which the rule applies. Properties used to describe natural classes: sibilant: segments that have a high-pitched, hissing sound quality. [s, , t , z, 3, d3: obstruents: produced with an obstruction of the airflow, stops, fricatives, affricates, sonorants: segments produced with a relatively open passage for the airflow, nasals, liquids, glides, and vowels. This is a common way that assimilation occurs. However, long- distance assimilation also exists, and a relatively common type of long-distance assimilation is called vowel harmony. This typically causes all the vowels in a word to. It is easier to learn the rules of a new language than to "turn off" the obligatory rules of your native language: optional rules may or may not apply in any given utterance. Optional rules are responsible for variation in speech. The use of optional rules depends in part on rate and style of speech.
