SOCIOL 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Malthusian Trap, Climate Change Mitigation, Alvin Ward Gouldner
3 May 2016
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Document Summary
Bureaucracy literally means rule by offices : involves a clearly-defined hierarchy of offices whose activities are bound by formal rules, the modern organizational form. Non-profit organizations: alternatives to bureaucracy involve various forms of personal authority, personal authority is simply not capable of large-scale administration of anything. Challenges of the 21st century: energy and climate change, other resource shortages, especially water, economic instability, inequality, and global poverty, war over resources, over religious and ethnic differences. All of the above problems are problems of bureaucracy: solving social problems and technical problems requires effective organization, implementing solutions once they"re found is also a problem of effective organization. Representative bureaucracy: workers and mangers both find it in their interests to follow the rules. Punishment-centered bureaucracy: one party wishes to see that the rules are followed, while the other party wishes to avoid following them. Mock bureaucracy: neither party feels rule-following to be in its interest.
