ANTH 005 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Voiceless Alveolar Fricative, Moe Williams, Soft Palate
9 May 2020
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Identified by outsiders: d. phoneme- smallest structural unit of sound that distinguishes a meaning, contrastive, non-predictable distribution, reveal contrasts in sounds (pin, tin, kin, din, gin, allophones {surface form}: variants of a phoneme that surface under. Predictable distribution: underlying representation //: abstract notion of the sound, surface form {}: articulated according to phonological environment, ex. Train: /t/ is affected by the following /r/ /p/ following s: different languages group phones into phonemes and allophones in different ways. Body parts that produce speech sounds: lungs, vocal cords, larynx, pharynx, velum (soft palate), oral/nasal cavity. Consonants: point of articulation: place in vocal tract. Voiced, unvoiced: affricates- starts with plosive, ends with fricative (job, join, taps- ara, trill- arrrra, approximate- ara (americans) (r, j, w, lateral approximates (l) Vowels: place, part of tongue raised. Front, center, back: height of tongue. High (i, u), mid (e, o), low (a: open (eh, aw) closed (ay, oh, manner, rounded: lips are rounded.
