BIOL 003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Ketosis, Cellular Respiration, Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Receptors on cell membrane receive chemical signals (e. g. from hormones) to simulate or inhibit enzyme activity. End product inhibits activity of preceding enzymes (e. g. enzyme a makes enzyme b c d: but d inhibits activity of a) Step 1: glycolysis (atp produced // wastes: lactic acid) Glucose 2 pyruvic acid molecules + 2atp + 2nadh. Nadh: activated carrier molecule for h+ and e- 2 pyruvic acid 2 lactic acid. Pyruvic acid ferments to lactic acid when oxygen is lacking. Lactic acid transported to liver to be converted into glucose. Pyruvic acid moves from cytoplasm to mitochondria. Step 3: citric acid cycle: (atp produced // waste: co2) Step 4: electron transport chain (atp produced // needed: o2 // wastes: h2o) Series of electron transport molecules attached to inner membrane of mitochondrion. Activated carrier molecules (nadh/fadh) transfer electrons to electron transfer chain molecules. Carries h+ and e- into mitochondria then releases (e. g. 2nadh 2nad+ + 2h+ + 2e-
