PYSO 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Internal Intercostal Muscles, Moe Williams, Respiratory Tract
12 May 2020
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Inspiration: aided by additional muscles much greater increase in volume much lower intrapulmonary pressure greater quantity of air enters. Expiration: aided by contraction of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles much greater decrease in volume greater quantity of air exits. Pulmonary function tests, volumes and capacities will be covered in lab. Dyspnea: feeling of shortness of breath due to obstruction of normal air flow through bronchioles. Due to inflammation, excessive mucous secretion or bronchoconstriction. Stimulated by prostaglandin and histamine release during allergic reactions. Emphysema: destruction of alveolar tissue decreases total surface area decreased efficiency in gas exchange. Due to air pollution, cigarette smoke, etc stimulates increase in macrophages and leukocytes to secrete enzymes that destroy alveolar tissue. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (copd): chronic inflammation results in narrowing of airways and destruction of alveolar walls; chronic bronchitis and emphysema can cause edema, inflammation, fibrosis, and pneumonia.
