HomeClass Notes1,200,000US530,000

BI SC 002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Nuclear Membrane

31 views3 pages

29 Aug 2016

School

Department

Biological Science

Course

Professor

Louise Mc Gibbon

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Add new cells to a growing organism (ex: puppy) Make a copy of all of its genetic information. Perform safety checks to make sure everything has been duplicated. Make the proteins that will help the cell to divide. Spindle forms as centrosomes move to opposite poles. Centromeres split as sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of cell. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus form at each pole. Mitosis creates 2 identical copies of the original cell. Meiosis generates 4 completely new, genetically unique cells (from one cell) More likely for a species to survive disease. Cells divide at a specific time in their life cycle. Paired homologous chromosomes align along equator of cell. Find each other, stay associated and there are pairs of homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles of cell. Swap bits of gene together once they find each other (homologous pair of chromosomes)

Related Documents

BISC 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, First Growth

BIOL 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: G1 Phase, G2 Phase, First Growth

BIOL 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 86: G1 Phase, G2 Phase, S Phase

Related Questions

What function(s) does mitosis fulfill for multicellular organisms?

Sexual reproduction

Protein synthesis

Match the phrase on the left with the part of the cell cycle on the right.

DNA replication is checked for accuracy

[ Choose ] Cytokenesis Crossing Over G1 G0 Metaphase Prophase Anaphase G2 S M Telophase

Cells no longer divide

[ Choose ] Cytokenesis Crossing Over G1 G0 Metaphase Prophase Anaphase G2 S M Telophase

DNA is copied or replicated

[ Choose ] Cytokenesis Crossing Over G1 G0 Metaphase Prophase Anaphase G2 S M Telophase

Cells synthesize proteins needed for the process of mitosis

[ Choose ] Cytokenesis Crossing Over G1 G0 Metaphase Prophase Anaphase G2 S M Telophase

Cell doing its normal 'job'

[ Choose ] Cytokenesis Crossing Over G1 G0 Metaphase Prophase Anaphase G2 S M Telophase

Division of the DNA

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

20. All living things must maintain a constantinternal environment to function properly through the process of__. (Points : 2)

metamorphosis
alkalosis
homeostasis
cryogenesis

Question 21.21. Glucose, fructose, sucrose,starch and glycogen are all examples of ___. (Points : 2)

proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids

Question 22.22. Some insects can "walk onwater" because __. (Points : 2)

water has a high surfacetension
water is adhesive
water istransparent
water expands when itfreezes

Question 23.23. To overcome an energy barrierbetween reactants and products in a chemical reaction, energy mustbe provided to get the reaction started. This energy is called ___energy. (Points : 2)

potential
reaction
initiation
activation

Question 24.24. Where in the cell doesglycolysis takes place? (Points : 2)

lysosomes
cytoplasm
mitochondria
nucleus

Question 25.25. Photosynthesis uses sunlightto convert water and carbon dioxide into __. (Points : 2)

carbon dioxide andwater
oxygen and sugars
proteins and sugars
carbon dioxide andoxygen

Question 26.26. The _____ of photosynthesisare the _____ of cellular respiration. (Points : 2)

electrons, protons
pigments, products
products, reactants
elements, atoms

Question 27.27. The energy currency of thecell is __. (Points : 2)

glucose
ATP
starch
glycogen

Question 28.28. When blood glucose levelsdecrease (as between meals), what reserves are tapped first?(Points : 2)

glycogen
fats
steroids
amino acids

Question 29.29. When glucose is used as anenergy source, the largest amount of ATP is produced by the ____portion of the entire respiratory process. (Points : 2)

glycolytic
Kreb's cycle
acetyl-CoAformation
electron transportchain

Question 30.30. Pyruvic acid can be regardedas the end product of ____. (Points : 2)

glycolysis
fermentation
the Kreb cycle
the electron transportchain

Question 31.31. How can one increase the rateof a chemical reaction? (Points : 2)

Increase the activationenergy.
Cool the reactants.
Decrease the pH.
Add an enzyme(catalyst).

Question 32.32. A prokaryote has ___. (Points: 2)

membrane-boundorganelles
nucleus
mitochondria
a cell membrane

Question 33.33. Unlike animal cells, plantcells have __. (Points : 2)

cell membranes
cell walls
chromosomes
mitochondria

Question 34.34. Which of the followingrequires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane? (Points: 2)

diffusion
osmosis
active transport
passive transport

Question 35.35. The ___ is the site of proteinsynthesis. (Points : 2)

nucleus
ribosome
mitochondrion
cytoskeleton

Question 36.36. Diffusion of water through asemipermeable membrane is called __. (Points : 2)

osmosis
diffusion
active transport
passive transport

Question 37.37. Which component of a cellmembrane is likely to function as a transporter? (Points : 2)

cholesterol
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates

Question 38.38. If potato slice is placed indistilled water, the cells would most likely __. (Points : 2)

lose water and becomelimp
neither take up water orlose water
take up water andswell
transport water into thecell by active transport.

Question 39.39. The chloroplast functions in___. (Points : 2)

protein synthesis
lipid storage
DNA replication
photosynthesis

Question 40.40. The fluid mosaic modelpresents the modern view of ___. (Points : 2)

the cell membranestructure
chromosome movementduring mitosis
protein synthesis
ATP production

Question 41.41. During which stage of mitosisdo nucleoli reappear and the nuclear membrane reforms? (Points :2)

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 42.42. During which stage of mitosisdo chromatids separate to form two sets of daughter chromosomes?(Points : 2)

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 43.43. Which of the following is thelongest stage of mitosis? (Points : 2)

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 44.44. When during the cell cycle isDNA replicated? (Points : 2)

metaphase
Synthesis phase (S)
G1
cytokinesis

Question 45.45. A cell with 10 chromosomesundergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells areproduced and what number of chromosomes do they have? (Points :2)

4 daughter cells, 20chromosomes each
4 daughter cells, 5chromosomes each
2 daughter cells, 10chromosomes each
2 daughter cells, 5chromosomes each

Question 46.46. Maize (corn) has a haploidnumber of 10. How many chromosomes are in a zygote of maize?(Points : 2)

5
10
20
Not enough informationprovided

Question 47.47. Crossing over is one of themost important events in meiosis because __. (Points : 2)

homologous chromosomesare separated into different daughter cells
the number of chromosomesallotted to each daughter cell must be halved
sister chromatids must beseparated into different daughter cells
it produces new arrays ofalleles on chromosomes and contributes to genetic diversity

Question 48.48. While viewing stained onionroot tip cells you notice that distinct chromosomes cannot beobserved in most of the cells. This is because most of the cells___. (Points : 2)

were killed whilepreparing the slide
are in Interphase
are in metaphase
are undergoingMeiosis

Question 49.49. Each offspring cell producedby binary fission contains __. (Points : 2)

half the chromosomes ofthe original cell
twice as many chromosomesas the original cell
an independent assortmentof the original cell's chromosomes
an identical copy of theoriginal cell's chromosome.

Question 50.50. A DNA strand has the sequenceA-C-A-G-C-C-G-T-A. What would be its complementary strand? (Points: 2)

G-T-G-A-T-T-A-C-G
A-C-A-G-C-C-G-T-A
T-G-T-C-G-G-C-A-T
U-G-U-C-G-G-C-A-U