KINES 321 Lecture 10: Chapter Imagery
Chapter 14 Imagery
• Imagery involves
o Creating/recreating an experience in your mind
o Polysensory experience
o Past, present, or future orientation
• Aka visualization, mental rehearsal, symbolic rehearsal, covert practice, and mental
practice
• Where do athletes use imagery
o More competition than training
• When do athletes imagery
o Before during and after practice; outside of practice; before, during, or after
competition; and for injury rehabilitation
• Imagery works
o 291 effect sizes from 4220 participants reviewed
o Average effect size in sport and exercise is moderate (d=0.52)
o Larger for
▪ Experts (d=0.52) than novices (d=0.44)
▪ Cognitive tasks (d=0.98) than strength tasks (d=0.36) or motor tasks
(d=0.46)
• Two imagery orientations
o Mastery
▪ Seeing yourself executing a skill perfectly
o Coping
▪ Seeing yourself recovering from errors or unexpected situations
▪ Enhances problem-solving ability
▪ Enhances emotion-regulation ability
• Imagery → cognitive mechanism/motivational mechanism → effects
o Supplement to physical practice
o Anticipation and decision-making training
o Concentration training
o Stress management
o Arousal regulation
o Pain management
• Why imagery effects vary: moderators
o Perspective
o Vividness
o Control
o Attitude towards imagery
o Involvement of senses
o Practice
