STAT 35000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Null Hypothesis, Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Randomized Experiment

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30 Jun 2017

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In statistics, a hypothesis is a declaration, or claim, in the form of a mathematical statement, about the value of a specific population parameter (or about the values of several population characteristics). What are the assumptions we make before making inferences for hypothesis tests: we will be assuming that the data is sampled appropriately, that is, it is representative of the population. In addition, we will assume that the sample is a random sample or a properly randomized experiment: we are going to assume that we have a normal distribution. If the sample size is large enough, we can use clt to state that the sampling distribution is normal. If the sample size is not large enough, then we will assume that the population distribution is normal: we will assu(cid:373)e that (cid:449)e do(cid:374)"t k(cid:374)o(cid:449) . There are t(cid:449)o possi(cid:271)le situatio(cid:374)s: we know sigma, we do(cid:374)"t k(cid:374)o(cid:449) sig(cid:373)a. Null hypothesis(ho) it is the claim that is initially assumed to be true.

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Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. A simple random sample of front-seat occupants invol ved in car crashes is obtained. Among 2823 occupants not wearing seat belts, 31 were killed. Among 7765 occupants wearing seat belts, 16 were killed. We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that seat belts are effective in reducing fatalities. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.

yellowplatypus160

Identify thenull hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. A simple random sample of front-seat occupants invol ved in car crashes is obtained. Among 2823 occupants not wearing seat belts, 31 were killed. Among 7765 occupants wearing seat belts, 16 were killed. We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that seat belts are effective in reducing fatalities. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.

carminemacaw457

Which of the following is NOT true when testing a claim about aproportion?

A. If you want to test a claim about population proportions, use the P-value method or the classical method of hypothesis testing.

B. When testing claims about population proportions, the traditional method and the P-value method are equivalent in the sense that they always yield the same result.

C. A conclusion based on a confidence interval estimate will be the same as a conclusion based on a hypothesis test.

D. Both the traditional method and P-value method use the same standard deviation based on the claimed proportion p, but the confidence interval uses an estimated standard deviation based on the sample proportion ModifyingAbove p with caretp.

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STAT 35000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Null Hypothesis, Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Randomized Experiment

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