01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Acetyl-Coa

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Simple sugars, amino acids, faty acids bloodstream cells. E in chem bonds of food e in atp (can be used) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simple sugars, amino acids, glycerol, and fatty acids: These enter the bloodstream and are used by cells for respiration. Using electron transfer movement of electrons energy is released. Energy from electrons is used to make atp. Oxidation reaction: loss of electrons (one or more) is oxidized. Molecule can be oxidized by losing an h. Molecule can be reduced by taking an h. H takes electron with it and transfers energy to the h acceptor. Nad+ (nicotanimide adenine dinucleotide) = known h acceptor. Dehydrogenase enzymes: remove pair of h (2 electrons and 2 protons) from substrate -> oxidation, deliver 2 electrons and 1 proton (h+) to nad+ -> nadh -> 1 h+ released in solution. Substrate-level phosphorylation: enzymatically transfer of phosphate to adp to make atp.

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