01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: African Trypanosomiasis, Symbiogenesis, Anaerobic Respiration

48 views2 pages

pearskunk454

27 Sep 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Eukaryotic cell structure has nucleus, membrane bound organelles, cytoskeleton (network of fibers within the cell, provides support, allows shape changes > can engulf things) 10-100 micrometers, 10x larger than prokaryote, the reason is because of surface area to volume ratio. Endosymbiosis= relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the other organism. Serial endosymbiosis: refers to a series of steps in which key organelles evolved through a sequence of endosymbiotic events. Prior to endosymbiosis: some prokaryotic cells underwent infoldings of the plasma membrane, which lead to the formation of the nuclear envelope and the endomembrane system. Step 1: primary endosymbiosis occurred as a result of phagocytosis of a bacterium by some other cell bacterial cell was engulfed by some other cell (referred to as the host/early eukaryote) Early euk (host) engulfs prok (endosymbiont) > leads to the evolution of.

Related Questions

1. Chris and Kassie are working in a research lab and are hopingto study the movement ofribosomal subunits through the nuclear porecomplex. Which microorganism would theymost likely choose as theirmodel organism?

a. The lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus lactis.

b. The archaeon Thermoproteus tenax.

c. Escherichia colid. The protozoan Giardia lamblia.

2-For many years, scientists saw no evidence for a cytoskeletonin prokaryotic cells.However, in 2001 researchers at OxfordUniversity in the UK described two actin-likeproteins called MreBand Mb1 in the prokaryotic bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Cell,104:913-922). To which component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton arestructures composed ofMreB and Mb1 thought to be the mostsimilar?

a. Microfilamentsb.

b-Microtubulesc.

c-Pseudopodiad.

d-Intermediate filamentse.

e-Nucleoli

3-The eukaryotic nucleus was discovered in 1831 by a Scottishbotanist named RobertBrown (Bill Bryson, A Short History of NearlyEverything). It comes from the latinword meaning kernel. Whichstatement regarding the eukaryotic nucleus is FALSE?

a. Intermediate filaments could be isolated from the nucleus ofaeukaryoticcell (particularly an animal cell).

b. The nucleolus is a distinct, but not membrane-bound regionwithin the eucaryoticnucleus. It is the site of rRNA synthesis.

c. Within the eukaryotic nucleus, basic proteins assist in thepackaging of DNA.

d. Chromatin in which the DNA is relaxed and the genes are beingactivelyexpressed is called euchromatin.

e. Like the cytoplasmic membrane, the nuclear membrane isselectively permeableand only allows free passage of low molecularweight molecules such as O2.

4-If a eukaryotic protist had a mutation that lessened theaffinity of ribosomes for the surface the rough endoplasmicreticulum what would likely be the harmful effect?

a. These protists would have inefficient ATP production.

b. These protists would be unable to degrade macromoleculesengulfed duringendocytosis.

c. These protists would less effectively secrete proteins thatwork in the extracellularspace.

d. These protists would have decreased lipid synthesis.

5. Stephanie and Jennifer are working with a sample that wastaken from a patient with ayeast infection. These young scholarswant to isolate the yeast in the sample by selectingagainst all ofthe bacteria that are also present. What might they add to themedium inorder to do this?

a. An antibiotic that targets the 70S ribosome.

b. An antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan.

c. Lysozyme.

d. Any of the above.

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: African Trypanosomiasis, Symbiogenesis, Anaerobic Respiration

Document Summary

Get access

Related Questions