01:119:150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Vacuole, Stanley Miller, Cellular Respiration
2 May 2016
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Amino acids synthesis in a stimulated volcanic eruption. In 1953 stanley miller and harold urey: abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules in reducing atmosphere is possible. Probably first organic compounds were synthesized near volcanoes or deep sea vents. Small organic molecule polymerization + small vesicle form on hot sand clay or rock. Earth and the solar system formed 4. 6 billion years ago. B. s. haldane (1920s) had further hypothesized early atmospheric Lipids and other organic molecules spontaneously form vesicles in water . Stromatolites: rocks formed by accumulation of sedimentary layers on bacterial mats; 3. 5 billion years ago using carbon 14 and uranium 238 dating. Most atmospheric oxygen was of biological origin produced by oxygenic photosynthesis. Some prokaryotic groups survived adapted using cellular respiration to harvest energy. The early rise in o2 was likely caused by ancient cyanobacteria. Followed later by increase in 02 from evolution or eukaryotic cells containing coloraplasts. The oldest eukaryotic cell fossils date back 2. 1 billion years.
