POLS 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Santa Barbara City College
Document Summary
Symbols: anything that stands for something else, collectively created: symbols only mean things in a community, where communal values, history, and culture form and shape symbols, ex. ) Santa clause in america compared to india: stone: 4 major types of symbols in the polis. Synechdoche: using a part to represent a whole, cleveland won by 3 points , not the actual state of cleveland, we assume a part (the cavaliers) are the whole creates ties. Ambiguity: stone says that her entire book is about struggles for the sake of ambiguity , politics is more like art than science in that ambiguity is central , even numbers can be ambiguous. In the polis, stone says, interpretation of numbers is more important than their values. Reactivity: the very act of measuring something affects the measurement, reactions vary depending on the levels of incentives actors have to manipulate the numbers, in politics, these incentives always exists.
