BL 1401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Thermal Energy, Kilowatt Hour, Thermodynamics

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blackhippopotamus16

30 Oct 2018

School

St. Mary's University

Department

Biology

Course

BL 1401

Professor

Berman

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Document Summary

Is anything that has the capacity to do work. Is a force acting over a distance. Is the flow of energy caused by a difference in temperature. Energy can be exchanged between objects through contact. Is the two different ways that an object can exchange energy with other bjects. Is energy of motion or energy that is being transferred. Thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy. Potential energy composition and position of the object. Is energy that is stored in an object, or energy associated with the. Energy stored in the structure of a compound is potential. The law of conservation of energy total amount of energy present at the beginning must be present at the end. When energy is transferred between objects or converted from one form to another, the. States that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. The amount of kinetic energy an object has is directly proportional to its mass and velocity.

Related Questions

1. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
a. [Heat is the transfer of thermal energy and temperature is themeasurement of that energy transfer]
b. [Heat is the measurement of energy transfer and temperature isthe transfer of thermal energy]
c. [Heat and temperature mean the same thing - the transfer ofthermal energy]

2. What is "internal kinetic energy"?
a. [Moving energy that you cannot see with the naked eye (akamicroscopic)]
b. [Moving energy that you can see with the naked eye (akamacroscopic)]
c. [All forms of energy]

3. What is "internal potential energy"?
a. [Stored energy that you cannot see with the naked eye (akamicroscopic)]
b. [Stored energy that you can see with the naked eye (akamacroscopic)]
c. [All forms of energy]

4. What the difference is between "thermal energy" and"heat"?
a. [Thermal energy and heat mean the same thing. There is nodifference between them.]
b. [Heat results from thermal energy by either a change in phase ora difference in temperature.]
c. [Thermal energy results from heat either by a change in phase ora difference in temperature.]

5. In ionic bonding, one or more valence electrons aretransferred from one atom to another. When this transfer occurs,the receiving atom is now __________ charged.
a. [Positively charged]
b. [Negatively charged]
c. [Neutrally charged]

6. The solid state of ice is less dense than its liquidstate.
a. [True] b. [False]

7. Concrete has a higher heat capacity than water.
a. [True] b. [False]

8. Thermohaline circulation is driven by:
a. [Density] b. [Gravity] c. [Latitude] d. [Temperature] e.[Wind]

champagnewallaby382

Question 1 When energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy that can be used to do work is always lost. The loss of this energy is mostly in the form of _________.
a. heat
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. light energy
e. mechanical energy

Question 2 Which of the following is exergonic?
a. binding fatty acids and glycerol molecules together to form lipids
b. building proteins from amino acids
c. binding sugars molecules together to form glycogen
d. breaking bonds in starch to release glucose
e. adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 3 The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
b. the universe is increasing in entropy.
c. all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
d. energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
e. in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 4 Which of the following is true of energy?
a. It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.
b. It can be created.
c. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
d. It can never be stored.
e. It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

Question 5 Metabolism is:
a. the sum of all the energy a cell uses.
b. the sum of all the vitamins a cell contains.
c. the sum of all the enzymes a cell contains.
d. the sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out.
e. the sum of all the ATP a cell contains.

Question 6 Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.
a. disorder
b. order
c. energy
d. work
e. heat

Question 7 What percentage of the energy stored in glucose are humans cells able to use to do useful work?
a. 37%
b. 100%
c. 15%
d. 52%
e. 48%

Question 8 What is activation energy?
a. the energy gained by living things, allowing them to remain active
b. the energy produced by the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
c. the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction
d. the energy created by enzymes during exergonic reactions
e. the energy lost by living things in the form of heat

Question 9 Which of the following is true of allosteric enzymes?
a. Their activity can be reduced when the product binds the enzyme.
b. Their activity can be reduced when a coenzyme binds to them.
c. Their activity can be reduced when the substrate binds the enzyme.
d. Their activity can be increased when the product binds the enzyme.

Question 10 Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?
a. They are made of proteins.
b. They are altered by the reactions they catalyze.
c. They increase the energy of activation of chemical reactions.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above is true.

Question 11 What is the energy currency of cells?
a. ADP
b. enzymes
c. glucose
d. vitamins
e. ATP

Question 12 Kinetic energy is ____________, while potential energy is _____________.
a. stored energy; energy that is being used
b. stored energy; energy that can't be used
c. energy that is being used; stored energy
d. energy that can't be used; stored energy

Question 13 The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.
a. exergonic; endergonic; coupled
b. endergonic; exergonic; coupled
c. exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent
d. coupled; mutually dependent; independent
e. endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent

Question 14 ADP + P + Energy --> ATP Which of the following is a true statement about the chemical reaction above?
a. This is a coupled reaction.
b. This is an exergonic reaction.
c. The product of the reaction contains more energy than that of all of the reactants combined.
d. This is an endergonic reaction.
e. This is an example of a catabolic reaction.

greychimpanzee211

Question 1

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

	A.	glucose cannot enter the cell.
	B.	the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
	C.	plasma membranes must be very thick.

Question 2

Oxygen molecules O₂ crosse a plasma membrane by

	A.	passive transport
	B.	osmosis
	C.	active transport

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.

		A. energy and channel proteins; against (up)
		B. transport proteins that make channels ; down
		C. energy ; down

Question 4

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

		A. move to the side with lower water concentration
	B.	move to the side with higher water concentration
	C.	move to the side with lower solute concentration

Question 5

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

	A.	chemical energy is a particular form of kinetic energy.
	B.	kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy of molecules.
	C.	kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement.

Question 6

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction.

	A.	exergonic; endergonic
	B.	endergonic; exergonic
	C.	spontaneous; exergonic

Question 7

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction

		A. it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
		B. it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
		C. it is used once and discarded.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false?

		A. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
		B. Enzymes are very specific for their substrates.
		C. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction

BL 1401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Thermal Energy, Kilowatt Hour, Thermodynamics

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