ECN 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Root Mean Square, Opportunity Cost, Marginal Product

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cerisegiraffe538

20 Feb 2015

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Deriving the firm"s supply line: 2 concepts, marginal product (mp, output of (q) produced for each additional unit of a productive resource. Eventually diminishes: marginal cost (mc, change in total cost of production due to a change in output, mc = tc / q = wage/mp. At the candy bar factory, the cost of each worker is per day. The following table shows the cost and marginal product (mp) of the additional worker, total number of candy bars, and the marginal cost (mc) of any additional candy bars. / 200 = sh. 50 / 1 candy bar. / 500 = sh. 20 / 1 candy bar. Workers specialize and that is what makes mp increase in the beginning. Think about an assembly line, how when each person does a different task, the productivity increases. By adding more workers, you are able to divide up the work and become more ef cient.

Related Questions

1. When economists speak of "marginal," they mean
a. Opportunity.
b. Scarcity.
c. Incremental.
d. Unimportant.

2. Managers undertake an investment only if
a. Marginal benefits of the investment are greater than zero.
b. Marginal costs of the investment are greater than marginal benefits of the investment.
c. Marginal benefits are greater than marginal costs.
d. Investment decisions do not depend on marginal analysis.

3. A firm produces 500 units per week. It hires 20 full-time workers (40 hours/week) at an hourly wage of $15. Raw materials are ordered weekly, and they cost $10 for every unit produced. The weekly cost of the rent payment for the factory is $2,250. How do the overall costs break down?
a. Total variable cost is $17,000; total fixed cost is $2,250; total cost is $19,250.
b. Total variable cost is $12,000; total fixed cost is $7,250; total cost is $19,250.
c. Total variable cost is $5,000; total fixed cost is $14,250; total cost is $19,250.
d. Total variable cost is $5,000; total fixed cost is $2,250; total cost is $7,250.

4. Total costs increase from $1,500 to $1,800 when a firm increases output from 40 to 50 units. Which of the following is true if marginal cost is constant?
a. FC = $100
b. FC = $200
c. FC = $300
d. FC = $400

5. A manager of a clothing firm is deciding whether to add another factory in addition to one already in production. The manager would compare
a. The total benefits gained from the two factories to the total costs of running the two factories.
b. The incremental benefit expected from the second factory to the total costs of running the two factories.
c. The incremental benefit expected from the second factory to the cost of the second factory.
d. The total benefits gained from the two factories to the incremental costs of running the two factories.

6. A firm is thinking of hiring an additional worker to their organization who they believe can increase total productivity by 100 units a week. The cost of hiring him or her is $1,500 per week. If the price of each unit is $12,
a. The MR of hiring the worker is $1,500.
b. The MC of hiring the worker is $1,200.
c. The firm should not hire the worker since MB < MC.
d. All the above

7. A retailer has to pay $9 per hour to hire 13 workers. If the retailer only needs to hire 12 workers, a wage rate of $7 per hour is sufficient.
What is the marginal cost of the 13th worker?
a. $117
b. $9
c. $33
d. $84

8. If a firm's average cost is rising, then
a. Marginal cost is less than average cost.
b. Marginal cost is rising.
c. Marginal cost is greater than average cost.
d. The firm is making an economic profit.

9. After the first week of his MBA Managerial Economics class, one of your pharmaceutical sales representatives accuses you of committing the sunk-cost fallacy by refusing to allow him to reduce price to make what he considers to be a really tough sale. Which of the following suggests the sales representative may be right?
a. Most of the costs of drug development are sunk, not fixed.
b. Sales representatives are paid a sales commission on revenue, so they don't care about the costs of drug development.
c. Sales representatives don't worry that a low price today may make it more difficult for the company's other sales representatives to charge higher prices to their customers, tomorrow.
d. Sales representatives think only about one thing, sales.

10. A company is producing 15,000 units. At this output level, marginal revenue is $22, and the marginal cost is $18. The firm sells each unit for $48 and average total cost is $40.
What can we conclude from this information?
a. The company is making a loss.
b. The company needs to cut production.
c. The company needs to increase production.
d. Not enough information is provided.

Redstone Clayworks Inc. is located in Sedona, Arizona, and manufactures clay fire pits for patios. They are one of about two dozen firms around the world that manufacture and sell clay fire pits for retailers such as Home Depot, Lowe's, Front Gate, and other upscale home product chains. There is virtually no product differentiation. A clay fire pit is a clay fire pit.

The spreadsheet below gives some of Redstone's production cost data.

Assume that the world market demand and supply curves for clay fire pots intersect at $190 per unit.

Q	TC	TFC	TVC	AFC	AVC	ATC	SMC	TR	MR	Profit	Average	Profit
											Profit	Margin
0	7000	7000	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	0	NIL	-7000	NIL	nil
100	14000	7000	7000	70	70	140	70	19000	190	5000	50	26%
200	23000	7000	16000	35	80	115	90	38000	190	15000	75	39%
300	32000	7000	25000	23.33	83.33	106.67	90	57000	190	25000	83.33	44%
400	43000	7000	36000	17.5	90	107.5	110	76000	190	33000	82.5	43%
500	52000	7000	45000	14	90	104	90	95000	190	43000	86	45%
600	74000	7000	67000	11.67	111.67	123.33	220	114000	190	40000	66.67	35%
700	97000	7000	90000	10	128.57	138.57	230	133000	190	36000	51.43	27%
800	111000	7000	104000	8.75	130	138.75	140	152000	190	41000	51.25	27%
900	132000	7000	125000	7.78	138.89	146.67	210	171000	190	39000	43.33	23%
1000	152000	7000	145000	7	145	152	200	190000	190	38000	38	20%

AFC = total fixed cost/total output.

AVC = total variable cost/total output.

ATC = total cost/total output.

MC = change in total cost/change in output.

Total revenue = price * quantity. And given that the demand and supply intersect at $190, which implies that the equilibrium price is $190 because the point where the demand equals the supply determines the price.

MR = change in total revenue/change in output.

Profit = total revenue - total cost.

Average profit = total profit/total output.

Profit margin = total profit/total revenue*100 or (revenue - cost)/revenue*100.

Question:

What level of output should the manager of Redstone choose to produce? Explain your choice in 50-100 words.

limeskunk177

The spreadsheet below gives some of Redstone's production cost data.

Assume that the world market demand and supply curves for clay fire pots intersect at $190 per unit.

Q	TC	TFC	TVC	AFC	AVC	ATC	SMC	TR	MR	Profit	Average	Profit
											Profit	Margin
0	7000	7000	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	0	NIL	-7000	NIL	nil
100	14000	7000	7000	70	70	140	70	19000	190	5000	50	26%
200	23000	7000	16000	35	80	115	90	38000	190	15000	75	39%
300	32000	7000	25000	23.33	83.33	106.67	90	57000	190	25000	83.33	44%
400	43000	7000	36000	17.5	90	107.5	110	76000	190	33000	82.5	43%
500	52000	7000	45000	14	90	104	90	95000	190	43000	86	45%
600	74000	7000	67000	11.67	111.67	123.33	220	114000	190	40000	66.67	35%
700	97000	7000	90000	10	128.57	138.57	230	133000	190	36000	51.43	27%
800	111000	7000	104000	8.75	130	138.75	140	152000	190	41000	51.25	27%
900	132000	7000	125000	7.78	138.89	146.67	210	171000	190	39000	43.33	23%
1000	152000	7000	145000	7	145	152	200	190000	190	38000	38	20%

AFC = total fixed cost/total output.

AVC = total variable cost/total output.

ATC = total cost/total output.

MC = change in total cost/change in output.

MR = change in total revenue/change in output.

Profit = total revenue - total cost.

Average profit = total profit/total output.

Profit margin = total profit/total revenue*100 or (revenue - cost)/revenue*100.

Question:

a. What level of output should the manager of Redstone choose to produce? Explain your choice in 50-100 words.

b. Make a copy of your spreadsheet and triple the fixed costs to 21,000. How does this change your answer to question a? Explain your result in 50-100 words.

whitehound166

ECN 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Root Mean Square, Opportunity Cost, Marginal Product

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