BIO-0014 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Genetic Variation, Computer Simulation, Population Bottleneck
31 Jan 2017
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Started with 2 alleles, a1 and a2: frequency of a1 is represented by p and frequency of a2 represented q, p + q = 100, can either be homozygous a1, homozygous a2, or heterozygous. We can only infer history if we had data on the population at two time points: nonrandom mating, in nature, mating may not be random with respect to any particular gene, inbreeding is the most extreme form. Self-fertilization, or selfing: can occur when individuals have both male and female reproductive organs, homozygous parents that self-fertilize produce all homozygous offspring, heterozygous parents that self-fertilize produce homozygous and heterozygous offspring. Inbreeding increases the frequency of homozygous: decreases frequency of heterozygous, does not cause evolution, allele frequencies do not change in the population as a whole. Individuals with certain phenotypes produce more surviving offspring. If certain alleles are associated with these favoured phenotypes, they increase in the population: genetic variation.
