BSC 109 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Transmission Electron Microscopy, Membrane Transport Protein, Scanning Electron Microscope

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All living things are composed of cells. A single cell is the smallest unit that exhibits all of the characteristics of life. All cells come only from preexisting cells. Cells are classified according to their internal organization. Organelles: membrane bound structures with specialized functions. Though eukaryotic cells are remarkably similar, there are structural differences. Examples: muscles cells: contain numerous organelles providing energy needed for muscle contraction, nerve cells: long and thin to carry impulses over distance. Small cells have a higher surface to volume ratio. High surface to volume ratio promotes efficiency in: acquisition of nutrients and disposal of wastes. Microscopes enable visualization and study of cells. Transmission electron microscope: magnifies up to 600,000x. Scanning electron microscope: magnifies up to 300,000x and provides 3-d view of cell surface. Selectively permeable: permits movement of some substances into and out of the cell, but blockers others. Enables transfer of information between environment and cell.

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