NHM 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Amniotic Sac, Extracellular Fluid, Fluid Compartments
2 May 2018
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Ch 13 - Water
60% of an adult’s ody weiht
● Higher percentage for children
● Less percentage in females, obese individuals, and the elderly
Water makes up ~75% of lean tissues and less than 25% of fat
Functions
● Carries nutrients and waste products
● Maintains the structure of large molecules (protein, glycogen)
● Participates in metabolic reactions
● Acts as lubricant and cushion for the following:
○ Joints
○ Eyes
○ spinal cord
○ Amniotic sac (during pregnancy)
● Regulation of body temperature (sweating)
● Maintains blood volume
Water Balance
● Balance between water intake and output
○ The ody’s ells work to maintain normal onditions
● Intracellular fluid- fluid within the cells
○ High in
potassium
and
phosphate
○ o the ody’s water
● Extracellular fluid- fluid outside the cells
○ E.g.
interstitial fluid
and
plasma
○ High in
sodium
and
chloride
○ o the ody’s water
Inadequate Intake
● Blood becomes concentrated
● Mouth is dry
● Hypothalamus initiates drinking
behavior
● Urine is dark yellow
Excessive Intake
● Stomach expands
○ Receptors send signals to
stop drinking fluids
● May cause water intoxication
○ RARE… dilutes sodium
concentration in blood
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Document Summary
Less percentage in females, obese individuals, and the elderly. Water makes up ~75% of lean tissues and less than 25% of fat. Maintains the structure of large molecules (protein, glycogen) Acts as lubricant and cushion for the following: The (cid:261)ody"s (cid:262)ells work to maintain normal (cid:262)onditions. Receptors send signals to stop drinking fluids. Milk, fruits, vegetables are high in water (70-99%) Pasta, meats, bread, cheese are intermediate in water (30-69%) Butter, crackers, cereals, nuts are low in water (1-19%) Oils and sugars are void of water (0%) End product of metabolic reactions in the body. Vary depending upon diet, activity level, environmental temperature, and humidity. Any beverage/fluid is good for hydration purposes. However, think about weight management as well. Average intake for adults is 12-13 cups(~3 l) Kidneys are also very important in regulation of blood volume and pressure. Electrolytes- salts that dissolve in h2o into ions (charged particles) Anion and cation concentrations are always balanced.
