NUR 324 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Osmosis, Blood Gas Tension, Hypocalcaemia
24 Oct 2016
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Paco2: 35-45 mmhg (acid: >45 - retention of carbonic acid (hypoventilation, <35 - excessive excretion of carbonic acid (hyperventilation) Hco3: 22-26 meq/l (base: <22 - too many metabolic acids; kidneys not excreting properly, >24 - too few metabolic acids. Pao2: 80-100 mmhg (does not effect ph) Buffer systems: bicarbonate-carbonic acid system- regulated in ecf, phosphate system- icf, hemoglobin system- capillaries. Exchanges h+ for o2: protein system- icf & ecf. H+ & co2 diffuse to bind w/ protein in cells. Hydrogen moves inside cell for buffering and k+ moves out. Respiratory regulation- fast response, short duration: low co2 triggers slow and shallow breathing to retain co2, high co2 triggers fast and deep breathing to blow off co2. Renal regulation- slow response, longer duration: low acids = retain h, high acids = excrete h, phosphate buffers in renal tubules maintain urine ph.
