BIOL 1082 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Vascular Plant, Ground Tissue, Phloem
Ch. 36 LO
Plant tissues and Plant growth Textbook Reading: Section 36.1-36.4
1. Compare and contrast the three basic plant organs, the different categories of plant tissue
systems, and the three types of plant cells, being able to describe the structure and function(s)
of the epidermis, stomata, roots hairs, buds, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem,
and phloem.
• 3 organs:
o Leaf-main photosynthetic organ
o Stem- support leaves, flowers, fruits
o Root-anchor plant in place and absorb water and nutrients; enable vascular
plants to absorb water
• Plant tissue systems:
o Dermal- covers and protects
o Ground- functions in photosynthesis, storage, and structural support
o Vascular- take up and distribute water and nutrients throughout the plant
• Plant cells:
o Epidermis- layer of cells that produce cuticle
▪ Cutin cuticle covers the plant surface and may contain guard cells and
truchomes (tiny hairs)
▪ Used for protection against UV, pathogens, herbivores and water loss
o Periderm- cell which replaces epidermis in woody tissues
o Parenchyma-major cells, make up plant leaves and are responsible for the
metabolism and food production; thinner and flexible
o Collenchyma—hard; provide plants with support but normally when the plant is
young, grow and stretch with plants
o Sclerenchyma-very hard; support, usually exit in roots
• Parts:
o Stomata- small openings in membrane for gas exchange
o Root hairs-large number of elongated microscopic outgrowth from the outer
layer of cells in a root; absorb moisture and nutrients from soil; increase SA
o Buds-underdeveloped tip of embryonic shoot; portion of the plant that grows up
and hold the plant together
o Xylem-water conducting cells; hard cells that bring water up to the leaves
o Phloem- transport sugars produced by the leaves throughout the plant
2. List the characteristics, different types, and function of meristematic tissue in plants.
• Characteristics:
o Living and thin walled
o Vacuoles are few and small in size
o The cells contain a dense protoplasm and conspicuous nuclei
o Cells are spherical, oval, or polygonal in shape
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