BIO 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Innate Immune System, Circulatory System, Exhalation
1 Apr 2018
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Document Summary
Circulation and gas exchange and the immune system: gas exchange across membranes, direct diffusion, skin as a respiratory organ, gills for gas exchange. Vertebrates" diverse circulatory systems: single (unidirectional circulation, double circulation, number of heart chambers, 2, 3, 4. Breathing: negative pressure, exhalation is when the diaphragm relaxes (moves up) Inhalation is when the diaphragm contracts (moves down) Cardiac cycle: systole (heart muscles contract, diastole (heart muscles relax) Always present and attempts to defend against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones (all animals and also in plants: acquired (adaptive) Stores information about past infections and mounts pathogen-specific defenses (vertebrates only) Innate (non-adaptive: first line of immune response, before exposure to pathogens and effective from birth, nonspecific responses to pathogens, physical and chemical barriers. Internal defenses: phagocytic cells, natural killer cells (role is to find infected cells and identify them and destroy them, antimicrobial proteins (signals neighboring uninfected cells to destroy rna and reduce protein synthesis)
