ANTH 260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Main Source, Red Junglefowl, Junglefowl
1 Jun 2018
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Thursday, May 10, 2018 Lecture Notes
Chickens, Guinea Fowl, and Turkeys
• The Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
o Cavia tschudii (wild Cavia)
o Wild Cavia are found in temperate and upper Andean zones. Live in burrows.
o There is evidence for domestic guinea pigs at Pikmachay cave, 7,000 BP
o Highly gregarious and loud. Dominance hierarchy with males. Gestation 3
months. Litters 3-4. They are indoor lighting.
• Guinea Pigs
o Huts usually have 8-15 Guinea pigs at a time.
o The only domestic mammal that doesn’t go outside
o Played a role in Incan religion (sacrificed and mummified). Also played a role as
a commoner animal, as the Incan state did not control most of them. They were a
household industry.
o The Inca selected for certain colors for particular ceremonies. Wild cavy are grey.
• Poultry
o It is our baseline animal protein, so much so, that:
▪ “It tastes like chicken”
▪ “The other white meat”
▪ When you want something clean to eat, studies show that one eats
chicken.
• The Domestic Chicken: Gallus gallus
o Wild ancestor is the red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), native to southeast Asia,
although other jungle fowl may have been domesticated as well.
o Indicators of Domestication- zoogeography and larger size
o Chickens are found in Neolithic (Yangshao and Piligan) China by 6000-4000 BC,
outside their natural range.
o Spread over the globe- reached Syria in 3rd millennium BC; found in King Tut’s
tomb by late 2nd millennium BC.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chickens, guinea fowl, and turkeys: the guinea pig (cavia porcellus, cavia tschudii (wild cavia, wild cavia are found in temperate and upper andean zones. Live in burrows: there is evidence for domestic guinea pigs at pikmachay cave, 7,000 bp, highly gregarious and loud. They are indoor lighting: guinea pigs, huts usually have 8-15 guinea pigs at a time, the only domestic mammal that doesn"t go outside, played a role in incan religion (sacrificed and mummified). Also played a role as a commoner animal, as the incan state did not control most of them. They were a household industry: the inca selected for certain colors for particular ceremonies. This is the only subspecies to be domesticated- the helmeted guinea fowl: domestication history is poorly understood. They are found in greece by the 5th century bc: they do not live in coops, but rather roost in trees, heavily modified by domestication- wild forms lay 15-20 eggs per breeding season, domestics lay 50-100.
