NURS 301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Portal Vein, Falciform Ligament, Lobes Of Liver
From last lecture:
Alimentary canal runs from oral cavity to anus
-
Major regions for absorption and digestion of nutrients
-
Small intestine delivers a lot of small enzymes
-
The Liver
Largest gland
-
Numerous functions
Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism
○
Storage and synthesis of vitamins and minerals
○
Synthesis of plasma proteins
○
Disposal of toxins, drugs, hormones
○
Macrophages remove microbes from blood
○
-
Digestion function
Production of bile
Bilirubin-decomposition of hemoglobin
§
Bile is composed of cholesterol, minerals, fats, bile pigments
Bile pigments come from bilirubin
□
§
Emulsification of fats for digestion by fat enzymes
§
Bile salts chunk up fat globules into smaller droplets
Easier to digest it by fat enzymes
□
§
○
-
Gross Anatomy
Four lobes
○
Lobes: right (largest), left, quadrate, and caudate
○
Falciform ligament - separates R lobe from left lobe
Also acts to hold the liver anteriorly to the anterior abdominal wall
§
Suspends liver from diaphragm
§
○
Round ligament - remnant of umbilical vein
○
Inferior view:
See other two lobes, gall bladder, inferior vena cava
§
Posterior: caudate lobe (small)
§
Anterior and inferior: quadrate lobe
Lies between left lobe and gallbladder
□
§
○
-
Microscopic Anatomy
Hepatic lobules - small cylinders with central vein, radiating plates of hepatocytes
○
Hepatic sinusoids - leaky capillaries between plates of hepatocytes
○
Hepatic vein is larger than artery
○
Blood from hepatic portal vein branch will combine with blood from hepatic artery
Mixing of blood
§
Circulate through the hepatocytes
§
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
All of it will dump into central vein of lobule
□
§
○
Remove toxins
○
Add blood proteins
○
Adjust blood glucose levels
○
Hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells
Destroy microbes that enter blood through liver
§
○
Bile duct
Digestive function of liver is to produce bile
§
Bile canaliculate
§
○
-
Hepatic Portal System
Brings blood from digestive track (rich in nutrients) carried through hepatic portal vein to
liver for processing
-
Hepatic vein drains the liver
-
Liver Circulation
Hepatic portal vein
Brings nutrient-rich blood from veins of GI tract to liver
○
Hepatic artery
Brings arterial blood
§
Aorta -- celiac trunk --> common hepatic aorta --> hepatic artery proper -->
hepatic aorta
§
○
Hepatic veins
Exit from top of liver and empty into inferior vena cava
§
○
-
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Progressive chronic inflammation and necrosis of liver
○
Alcoholism; chronic hepatitis; parasites
○
Anastomoses
○
Symptoms: vomiting blood; jaundice; caput medusae (jellyfish extension)
Bilirubin spills into blood, makes the yellow color in skin and eye
§
○
-
Liver Transplant
Live donation
○
Hepatocytes able to regenerate and produce new liver tissue
○
Take portion of donor's liver and plant it into recipient
Take as much as 60%
§
○
Regenerative capacity
Within three months, donor liver can regenerate
§
○
-
The Gallbladder
Sac on underside of liver
-
Stores and concentrates bile
-
Cystic duct
-
If we cut open the gall bladder, we would see folds (allows for expansion
-
Used for storing bile
Duct that carries that bile to bile duct is cystic duct
○
-
Accessory structure to liver to store bile
-
Gall Bladder Removal
Gall stones if big enough
Can be damaging
§
Small ones are not bad as long as you can flow through bile duct
§
○
Blockage of cystic duct
○
Cholecystitis
○
-
Liver is still producing bile and releasing into small intestine, gall bladder able to be
removed
Have to be careful about how much fat you have in your diet
○
-
Bile Passageways
Two hepatic ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct
○
Common hepatic duct merges with cystic duct to form bile duct
○
Bile duct merges with main pancreatic duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla at major
duodenal papilla
Combining of bile from bile duct and pancreatic juices from pancreatic duct
§
○
Released into duodenum
○
-
Intestinal hormones produced in intestine
-
Chyme in small intestine will stimulate will release hormone
Travels through blood to gall bladder
○
Affects sphincter
○
-
Pancreas
Posterior to stomach
-
Retroperitoneal - held in position against the back by mesentery tissue
-
Exocrine (digestive) and endocrine functions
-
Head of pancreas is nestled in duodenum
-
Glucagon and insulin produced to control blood glucose levels
-
Acinar cells
Secret digestive enzymes, zymogens, and sodium bicarbonate
○
Zymogens are inactive enzymes
○
-
Ducts of Pancreas
Pancreatic duct
○
Accessory pancreatic duct - opens at minor duodenal papilla
○
-
LIVER, PANCREAS, BALL GLADDER
Online Lecture - Week 8 (Digestive System Accessory Organs)
Monday, May 21, 2018
10:00 AM
From last lecture:
Alimentary canal runs from oral cavity to anus
-
Major regions for absorption and digestion of nutrients
-
Small intestine delivers a lot of small enzymes
-
The Liver
Largest gland
-
Numerous functions
Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism
○
Storage and synthesis of vitamins and minerals
○
Synthesis of plasma proteins
○
Disposal of toxins, drugs, hormones
○
Macrophages remove microbes from blood
○
-
Digestion function
Production of bile
Bilirubin-decomposition of hemoglobin
§
Bile is composed of cholesterol, minerals, fats, bile pigments
Bile pigments come from bilirubin
□
§
Emulsification of fats for digestion by fat enzymes
§
Bile salts chunk up fat globules into smaller droplets
Easier to digest it by fat enzymes
□
§
○
-
Gross Anatomy
Four lobes
○
Lobes: right (largest), left, quadrate, and caudate
○
Falciform ligament - separates R lobe from left lobe
Also acts to hold the liver anteriorly to the anterior abdominal wall
§
Suspends liver from diaphragm
§
○
Round ligament - remnant of umbilical vein
○
Inferior view:
See other two lobes, gall bladder, inferior vena cava
§
Posterior: caudate lobe (small)
§
Anterior and inferior: quadrate lobe
Lies between left lobe and gallbladder
□
§
○
-
Microscopic Anatomy
Hepatic lobules - small cylinders with central vein, radiating plates of hepatocytes
○
Hepatic sinusoids - leaky capillaries between plates of hepatocytes
○
Hepatic vein is larger than artery
○
Blood from hepatic portal vein branch will combine with blood from hepatic artery
Mixing of blood
§
Circulate through the hepatocytes
§
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
All of it will dump into central vein of lobule
□
§
○
Remove toxins
○
Add blood proteins
○
Adjust blood glucose levels
○
Hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells
Destroy microbes that enter blood through liver
§
○
Bile duct
Digestive function of liver is to produce bile
§
Bile canaliculate
§
○
-
Hepatic Portal System
Brings blood from digestive track (rich in nutrients) carried through hepatic portal vein to
liver for processing
-
Hepatic vein drains the liver
-
Liver Circulation
Hepatic portal vein
Brings nutrient-rich blood from veins of GI tract to liver
○
Hepatic artery
Brings arterial blood
§
Aorta -- celiac trunk --> common hepatic aorta --> hepatic artery proper -->
hepatic aorta
§
○
Hepatic veins
Exit from top of liver and empty into inferior vena cava
§
○
-
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Progressive chronic inflammation and necrosis of liver
○
Alcoholism; chronic hepatitis; parasites
○
Anastomoses
○
Symptoms: vomiting blood; jaundice; caput medusae (jellyfish extension)
Bilirubin spills into blood, makes the yellow color in skin and eye
§
○
-
Liver Transplant
Live donation
○
Hepatocytes able to regenerate and produce new liver tissue
○
Take portion of donor's liver and plant it into recipient
Take as much as 60%
§
○
Regenerative capacity
Within three months, donor liver can regenerate
§
○
-
The Gallbladder
Sac on underside of liver
-
Stores and concentrates bile
-
Cystic duct
-
If we cut open the gall bladder, we would see folds (allows for expansion
-
Used for storing bile
Duct that carries that bile to bile duct is cystic duct
○
-
Accessory structure to liver to store bile
-
Gall Bladder Removal
Gall stones if big enough
Can be damaging
§
Small ones are not bad as long as you can flow through bile duct
§
○
Blockage of cystic duct
○
Cholecystitis
○
-
Liver is still producing bile and releasing into small intestine, gall bladder able to be
removed
Have to be careful about how much fat you have in your diet
○
-
Bile Passageways
Two hepatic ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct
○
Common hepatic duct merges with cystic duct to form bile duct
○
Bile duct merges with main pancreatic duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla at major
duodenal papilla
Combining of bile from bile duct and pancreatic juices from pancreatic duct
§
○
Released into duodenum
○
-
Intestinal hormones produced in intestine
-
Chyme in small intestine will stimulate will release hormone
Travels through blood to gall bladder
○
Affects sphincter
○
-
Pancreas
Posterior to stomach
-
Retroperitoneal - held in position against the back by mesentery tissue
-
Exocrine (digestive) and endocrine functions
-
Head of pancreas is nestled in duodenum
-
Glucagon and insulin produced to control blood glucose levels
-
Acinar cells
Secret digestive enzymes, zymogens, and sodium bicarbonate
○
Zymogens are inactive enzymes
○
-
Ducts of Pancreas
Pancreatic duct
○
Accessory pancreatic duct - opens at minor duodenal papilla
○
-
LIVER, PANCREAS, BALL GLADDER
Online Lecture - Week 8 (Digestive System Accessory Organs)
Monday, May 21, 2018
10:00 AM
From last lecture:
Alimentary canal runs from oral cavity to anus
-
Major regions for absorption and digestion of nutrients
-
Small intestine delivers a lot of small enzymes
-
The Liver
Largest gland
-
Numerous functions
Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism
○
Storage and synthesis of vitamins and minerals
○
Synthesis of plasma proteins
○
Disposal of toxins, drugs, hormones
○
Macrophages remove microbes from blood
○
-
Digestion function
Production of bile
Bilirubin-decomposition of hemoglobin
§
Bile is composed of cholesterol, minerals, fats, bile pigments
Bile pigments come from bilirubin
□
§
Emulsification of fats for digestion by fat enzymes
§
Bile salts chunk up fat globules into smaller droplets
Easier to digest it by fat enzymes
□
§
○
-
Gross Anatomy
Four lobes
○
Lobes: right (largest), left, quadrate, and caudate
○
Falciform ligament - separates R lobe from left lobe
Also acts to hold the liver anteriorly to the anterior abdominal wall
§
Suspends liver from diaphragm
§
○
Round ligament - remnant of umbilical vein
○
Inferior view:
See other two lobes, gall bladder, inferior vena cava
§
Posterior: caudate lobe (small)
§
Anterior and inferior: quadrate lobe
Lies between left lobe and gallbladder
□
§
○
-
Microscopic Anatomy
Hepatic lobules - small cylinders with central vein, radiating plates of hepatocytes
○
Hepatic sinusoids - leaky capillaries between plates of hepatocytes
○
Hepatic vein is larger than artery
○
Blood from hepatic portal vein branch will combine with blood from hepatic artery
Mixing of blood
§
Circulate through the hepatocytes
§
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
All of it will dump into central vein of lobule
□
§
○
Remove toxins
○
Add blood proteins
○
Adjust blood glucose levels
○
Hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells
Destroy microbes that enter blood through liver
§
○
Bile duct
Digestive function of liver is to produce bile
§
Bile canaliculate
§
○
-
Hepatic Portal System
Brings blood from digestive track (rich in nutrients) carried through hepatic portal vein to
liver for processing
-
Hepatic vein drains the liver
-
Liver Circulation
Hepatic portal vein
Brings nutrient-rich blood from veins of GI tract to liver
○
Hepatic artery
Brings arterial blood
§
Aorta -- celiac trunk --> common hepatic aorta --> hepatic artery proper -->
hepatic aorta
§
○
Hepatic veins
Exit from top of liver and empty into inferior vena cava
§
○
-
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Progressive chronic inflammation and necrosis of liver
○
Alcoholism; chronic hepatitis; parasites
○
Anastomoses
○
Symptoms: vomiting blood; jaundice; caput medusae (jellyfish extension)
Bilirubin spills into blood, makes the yellow color in skin and eye
§
○
-
Liver Transplant
Live donation
○
Hepatocytes able to regenerate and produce new liver tissue
○
Take portion of donor's liver and plant it into recipient
Take as much as 60%
§
○
Regenerative capacity
Within three months, donor liver can regenerate
§
○
-
The Gallbladder
Sac on underside of liver
-
Stores and concentrates bile
-
Cystic duct
-
If we cut open the gall bladder, we would see folds (allows for expansion
-
Used for storing bile
Duct that carries that bile to bile duct is cystic duct
○
-
Accessory structure to liver to store bile
-
Gall Bladder Removal
Gall stones if big enough
Can be damaging
§
Small ones are not bad as long as you can flow through bile duct
§
○
Blockage of cystic duct
○
Cholecystitis
○
-
Liver is still producing bile and releasing into small intestine, gall bladder able to be
removed
Have to be careful about how much fat you have in your diet
○
-
Bile Passageways
Two hepatic ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct
○
Common hepatic duct merges with cystic duct to form bile duct
○
Bile duct merges with main pancreatic duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla at major
duodenal papilla
Combining of bile from bile duct and pancreatic juices from pancreatic duct
§
○
Released into duodenum
○
-
Intestinal hormones produced in intestine
-
Chyme in small intestine will stimulate will release hormone
Travels through blood to gall bladder
○
Affects sphincter
○
-
Pancreas
Posterior to stomach
-
Retroperitoneal - held in position against the back by mesentery tissue
-
Exocrine (digestive) and endocrine functions
-
Head of pancreas is nestled in duodenum
-
Glucagon and insulin produced to control blood glucose levels
-
Acinar cells
Secret digestive enzymes, zymogens, and sodium bicarbonate
○
Zymogens are inactive enzymes
○
-
Ducts of Pancreas
Pancreatic duct
○
Accessory pancreatic duct - opens at minor duodenal papilla
○
-
LIVER, PANCREAS, BALL GLADDER
Online Lecture - Week 8 (Digestive System Accessory Organs)
Monday, May 21, 2018 10:00 AM
Document Summary
Online lecture - week 8 (digestive system accessory o. Alimentary canal runs from oral cavity to anus. Major regions for absorption and digestion of nutrients. Small intestine delivers a lot of small enzymes. Bile is composed of cholesterol, minerals, fats, bile pigments. Emulsification of fats for digestion by fat enzymes. Bile salts chunk up fat globules into smaller droplets. Falciform ligament - separates r lobe from left lobe cessory organs) Falciform ligament - separates r lobe from left lobe. Also acts to hold the liver anteriorly to the anterior abdominal w. See other two lobes, gall bladder, inferior vena cava. Hepatic lobules - small cylinders with central vein, radiating plates. Hepatic sinusoids - leaky capillaries between plates of hepatocytes. Blood from hepatic portal vein branch will combine with blood from. All of it will dump into central vein of lobule. Digestive function of liver is to produce bile.
