BIS 2C Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chronogram, Phylogenetic Tree, Synapomorphy
25 Jan 2018
School
Department
Course
Document Summary
Bifurcating tree from one node (on a phylogenetic tree) there are two descending branches. Polytomy 3 or more descending branches from one node. Monophyletic a common ancestor between two species, and all of the descendants. Clade is a monophyletic group (# of nodes = # of clades) Paraphyletic contains common ancestor, but not all descendants. Example: protists are mixed with animals, plants, and fungi. Polyphyletic group of organisms excluding most common ancestor. Synapomorphies a trait that is derived from an ancestor. Convergence independently developing a trait similar to one in another monophyly. Homologous inherited from a common ancestor (it is a homologous trait vs being a synapomorphy) Phylogeny evolutionary relationship among taxa (taxa = species) Classification naming of taxa and placement in phylogenetic tree. Species - have a compound, or binomial, name. The genus name is first and then the species name. Sister group 2 clades that are each other"s closest relative.
